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NetScaler exposed edge: questions to ask your team
What a NetScaler ADC or Gateway owner does first: list appliances, check for compromise before patching, and keep management services off the internet.
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Attack technique
Scheduled Task/Job is a technique where an attacker uses the task scheduling feature built into an operating system.
In short
Scheduled Task/Job is a technique where an attacker uses the task scheduling feature built into an operating system. The feature runs a program or script at a set time or on a repeat. Attackers use it to start malicious code, to keep their access after a restart, or to run code with higher privileges.
All major operating systems include tools that run programs or scripts at a chosen date and time. Attackers abuse these tools to start malicious code once or to run it again and again.
A scheduled task can run at system startup or on a fixed schedule, which helps an attacker keep access. It can also run under a chosen account, including one with higher privileges. A task can also be set up on another system, but this usually requires membership in an admin or otherwise privileged group there.
Because the scheduler is a trusted system component, a one-time run can look like normal system activity. On Windows, the Scheduled Task sub-technique (T1053.005) also covers hidden tasks that may not show up in the tools defenders use to list tasks. MITRE lists five sub-techniques: T1053.002 At, T1053.003 Cron, T1053.005 Scheduled Task, T1053.006 Systemd Timers and T1053.007 Container Orchestration Job.
Log the creation, change and deletion of scheduled tasks, whether made through the scheduler, management interfaces or scripts.
Look for a task change followed by an unusual process starting from it, especially a task created under a SYSTEM or otherwise suspicious account.
Compare the tasks you can list with expected ones. Tasks that are hidden, or that run at unusual intervals or as unusual users, deserve a closer look.
Command Execution, File Creation, File Modification, Process Creation, Scheduled Job Creation
Let only authorized administrators create scheduled tasks on remote systems, and remove paths that let ordinary accounts gain more privileges.
Configure scheduling settings so tasks run under the authenticated account instead of SYSTEM, and let only the Administrators group raise scheduling priority.
Set permissions that are not open to every user, so that tasks and the files they run cannot easily be altered.
Check systems for weak permissions on scheduled tasks that could be used to gain higher privileges.
Scheduled Task/Job is a technique where an attacker uses the task scheduling feature built into an operating system. The feature runs a program or script at a set time or on a repeat, and attackers use it to run malicious code, keep access after a restart or gain higher privileges.
All major operating systems include tools that run programs at a chosen time. A task can run at startup or on a schedule, which helps an attacker keep access, and it can run under a chosen account, including a privileged one. Because the scheduler is trusted, activity can look normal.
Log the creation, change and deletion of scheduled tasks, however they were made. Look for a task change followed by an unusual process starting from it, especially a task created under a SYSTEM or otherwise suspicious account. Compare listed tasks with expected ones to find hidden or odd tasks.
Let only authorized administrators create scheduled tasks on remote systems, and set tasks to run under the signed-in account instead of SYSTEM. Use restrictive file and directory permissions, and audit systems for weak permissions on scheduled tasks that could give higher privileges.
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